Israel attacked the gas infrastructure that supplies much of Europe and Asia with heating and power. Iran hit back at Qatar and Saudi Arabia's energy facilities the same day. Energy prices are now rising fast enough to push up the cost of food, transport, and manufacturing across the world.

The US Federal Reserve kept borrowing costs unchanged — its chair said the economic impact of the Iran war is too unpredictable to act on. Central banks in both the US and Europe are now stuck between rising energy costs pushing prices up and a slowing economy pulling them down.

Israeli forces attacked Iranian naval vessels in the Caspian Sea — a landlocked body of water shared with Russia, Kazakhstan, and three other countries. It is the first attack outside the Gulf region and puts the conflict on Russia's doorstep for the first time.

Spain committed €1 billion in military support to Ukraine — including joint production of drones, radar, and missiles — while simultaneously refusing to let the US use its military bases for the Iran war. This puts Washington in a difficult position: pushing back on Spain risks undermining its own Ukraine policy.

Three people were arrested in Mallorca for hiding luxury properties, bank accounts, and cars on behalf of a Russian businessman under EU sanctions — linked to supplying helicopters to the Russian military. The timing, the same week Spain deepened its Ukraine commitment, makes it as much a political signal as a police operation.